Characteristics of severe acute respiratory infection associated hospitalization in Yemen, 2014/15

This study aims to describe etiological agents, demographic details of patients, seasonality and underlying conditions among patients hospitalized due to viral severe acute respiratory infection [SARI] in Yemen. We carried out a retrospective descriptive analysis of data from January 2014 to December 2015. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from each patient for laboratory testing. A total of 1346 diagnostic specimens were tested, of which 733 [54%] were positive for influenza viruses. Influenza A[H3] and A[H1N1] pdm09 predominated. Respiratory syncytial virus [RSV] was reported predominantly among children [41%]. Males [61%] were more affected than females. The median age was 1 year [range 0.5-94.0]. The median length of hospitalization was 6 days. Chronic cardiovascular disease was the most commonly reported underlying condition, but 67% had no documented underlying disease. Respiratory viruses, particularly RSV, adenovirus and influenza, were commonly associated with hospitalization for SARI

Effect of perinatal exposure to monosodium glutamate on the visual cortex of adult albino rats

Monosodium glutamate [MSG], the sodium salt of glutamate, is commonly used as a flavor enhancer in many food preparations. Its use has become controversial because of reports of adverse reaction in people who have eaten foods that contain monosodium glutamate. One of these adverse reactions was the blurring of vision. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of monosodium glutamate [MSG] on visual cortex of albino rats. A total 20 pregnant female rats were randomly divided into two groups. Control group and treated group which received monosodium glutamate by gastric gavages in a dose of 2 g/kg b.w from late pregnancy until the end of weaning. Offspring of two groups were left until puberty [2 month old pregnancy until the end of weaning. Offspring of two groups were left until puberty [2 month old rats]. The offspring of both groups were sacrificed at 60 days and their visual cortices were prepared for histological examination by light and electron microscope. The results revealed severe neuronal degeneration. The neurons of treated visual cortex contained hyperchromic, pyknotic nuclei. The cytoplasm became vacuolated and contains large lipofuscin pigments. The mitochondria became swollen with indented membrane, the Golgi apparatus were absent with the presence of few rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosome. The blood vessels were dilated with the presence of perivascular edema. It is concluded that the oral intake of monosodium glutamate during pregnancy and lactation has degenerating effect on the visual cortex of the raf's offspring

Avascular necrosis of bone in children with leukemia

A vascular necrosis of the bone [AVNB] is an uncommon serious complication of acute leukemia. Between the years 1997-2007, seven children with acute leukemia of different risk groups presented with symptoms, signs and investigational evidence of avascular necrosis of bone. They were all diagnosed during their maintenance chemotherapy except one patient who had AVNB post-transplant following hematological relapse. Six patients had avascular necrosis of the hip [AVNH], and one patient had avascular necrosis of the foot. Other complications for steroids, such as hyperglycemia were observed in some of the patients. The steroids were omitted in almost all patients immediately. Two patients had surgical intervention and the rest received conservative management. Two patients recovered fully and the rest are still under follow-up at orthopedic clinic pending further management

Upper airway morphology and size alterations in supine and lateral position in sedated pediatric patients undergoing ct virtual endoscopy examination

Lateral positioning decreases upper airway obstruction in sleeping, anesthetized and muscle relaxed individuals presumably secondary to gravitational effects. Children aged 2-6 yr, requiring computed tomography [CT] examination of the head or neck region, were studied using deep sedation with Ketamine/Midazolam 20:1. Exclusion criteria included any type of anatomical or neurologic entity that could influence upper airway shape or size. Axial spiral CT sections of the upper airway were obtained in the supine and lateral positions, with the head and neck axes maintained neutral. Using advanced GE workstation AW4.0, the CT images were processed to render a three-dimensional reconstruction and virtual endoscopic images of the upper airway. Total airway volumes and cross-sectional areas were computed between the nasal vomer and the vocal cords. Two-way paired t tests were used to compare airway sizes between supine and lateral positions. The total airway volume [mean +/- SD] was 6.6 +/- 3.3 ml in the supine position and 9.5 +/- 3.1 ml in the lateral position [P < 0.001] in seventeen of 18 children analyzed. Maximal relative percent airway increase was at the region between the tip of the epiglottis and vocal cords. This study confirms the well-known clinical observation that sedated children practice less upper airway obstruction in the lateral position when compared with the supine position. This widening occurred at all non cartilaginous areas of the upper airway and was most pronounced in the region at and below the tip of the epiglottis

Letter a incision periareolar mastopexy with breast implant augmentation

20 females with mild to moderate drooping of breasts, undergone mastopexy and augmentation of breast at the same time, through letter A [upper half of areola] periareolar incision, after pointing the position of new areola towards the narrow part of letter A. We excised the excess skin, inserted the breast implant [silicon, saline filled] according to the size that the patients selected, closed the skin in layers. High satisfaction rate about 80% was achieved with very small post operative scars and few complications. The aim of this paper is to report our surgical experience in performing one-stage mastopexy with breast augmentation, with small periarolar scar, in 20 patients with mild to moderate drooping of the breasts

study on biological control of six fresh water snails of medical and veterinary importance

This study evaluated the molluscicidal effect of Commiphora molmol oil extract [Myrrh], on control of six fresh water snails [Lymnaea natalensis, Bilinus truncatus, Biomphalaria alexandrina, Physa acuta, Melania tuberculata and Cleopatra bulimoides]. Also, the extract effect on the egg masses of L. natalensis, B. truncatus, B. alexandrina and Ph. acuta was evaluated. Snails and egg masses were exposed at 16-20°C to various concentrations [conc.]- LD[50] after 24 hours exposure were 264/132, 283/195, 230/252, 200/224, 241/246 and 241/246 ppm for young/adult of L natalensis, B. truncatus, B. alexandrina, Ph. acuta, M. tuberculata and C. bulimoides respectively. LD[100] after 24 hours exposure were 400/400 for L. natalensis, B. truncatus, B. alexandrina, M. tuberculata and C. bulimoides, and 300/300 for Ph. acuta. Also, complete mortality [100%] was achieved for the egg masses of L. natalensis, B. truncatus, B. alexandrina and Ph. acuta at concentrations of 300, 200, 300 and 400 ppm respectively. Lower concentrations gave the same results after longer exposure. LD[100] of C. molmol oil extract [Myrrh] had a rapid lethal effect on the six snail species and their egg masses in high conc, of 300 and 400 ppm. Commiphora molmol is a promising plant to be included with the candidate plant molluscicides. The oil extract of this plant showed a remarkable molluscicidal activity against used snail species

Helobdella nilae and Alboglossiphonia conjugata leeches as biological agents for snails control

The efficacy of leeches, as biological agents, in control of snail intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis [Bulinus truncatus, Biomphalaria alexandrina] and fascioliasis [Lymnaea natalensis] as well as their effect on the non-target snails Physa acuta, Melanioides tuberculata and Cleopatra bulimoides was evaluated. Two glossiphoniid snail leeches, Helobdella nilae and Alboglossiphonia conjugata were used. They destroyed egg masses and young snails more rapidly than adult ones. H. nilae showed a stronger destructive effect than A. conjugata. In a descending order, it preferred L. natalensis followed by B. truncatus, B. alexandrina, Ph. acuta, M. tuberculata and lastly C. bulimoides. But, A. conjugata preferred L. natalensis followed by B. truncatus, Ph. acuta, M. tuberculata, B. alexandrina and lastly C. bulimoides. The detailed diagnostic morphology and biology of the two leeches were given

Treatment of chronic lymphedema of the legs by suction with low morbidity rate

A 20-year old male complaining of severe swelling [chronic lymphedema] of both legs, thighs, with very huge mass more than 10 cm in diameter since birth, increasing in the size gradually up to 30 cm, visited our hospital, with interference in function and movement The patient was un-married. He had undergone multiple sessions of suctions of abnormal tissues by liposuction cannula at few weeks interval. We measured the size of the lesion before each session and recorded the regression of the lesion with very low morbidity rate. The patients followed up for 2 years with no recurrences

steroid benefit in treating complicated hemangiomas

The aim of this paper is to report beneficial effect of treating haemangioma with steroids. Thirty patients with complicated hemangiomas [ulceration, bleeding, obstruction of anatomical orifice, and interfere with function or movement] of different age groups collected by simple random sampling in out patient, cases were treated with local injection of diluted triamcinolone 4mg with 5m1 normal saline in multiple sessions with 2 weeks apart. After treatment 60% of cutaneous heamangioma regress in age group between 1-<2 years old, from 2-4 years old regress in about 40%, and >6 years old is about 25%

Reproductive impairment of tilapia zillii [Gerv.] living in different basins of lake Mariut, Alexandria

This study aimed at inspecting pollution impact on the reproduction process of Tilapia zillii [Gerv.] living in three main basins of Lake Mariut. Our results revealed that there were two main seasons detected for males and females during a whole year of investigation, namely, non-spawning and spawning seasons. In males, though the two seasons started and ended simultaneously, gonadosomatic index values of males living in the relatively clean area were significantly higher than those of the other two polluted areas. However, no structural alterations could be detected in sections of male gonads from the three basins. All stages of maturation were represented in all gonad sections. In females, gonadosomatic index values of fish living in the relatively clean basin were significantly higher than those of fish living in the other two polluted areas. Females living in the relatively clean area attained two prominent peaks during the spawning season compared to one peak for the other two polluted areas. Spawning season for one of the two polluted areas was one month shorter than the reference area. Historically, belated and deformed maturation stages as well as ruptured and empty follicles were observed in female gonad sections from the two polluted areas

novel electrochemical DNA sensor via cyclic voltammetry and chronocoulometry for detection of single nucleotide polymorphism SNP A+49G of CTLA-4 gene associated with type one diabetes in Egyptian diabetic patients

Objective: To develop a novel electrochemical DNA biosensor and cost effective methodology for single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] identification of autoimmune diseases generally and type one diabetes [IDDM] specifically compared to the conventional methods such as SSCP, TGGE and RFLP

Patients: 25 Egyptian patients were studied. Diagnosis of type-1 diabetes was based on blood glucose level and age. Individuals who were suspected to have maturity-onset diabetes of the young [MODY] or Wolfram syndrome were excluded from the study as well as those patients who had an onset of diabetes of less than 5 years. All patients were non-obese and under 26 years of age at enrollment in the study. Methods: Electrochemical techniques as cyclic voltammetry [CV], chronoamperometry [CA] and chronocoulometry [CC] were used to develop methodologies to detect DNA mutations in human genes using CTLA-4 gene as a model gene. The SNP +A49G in Exon 1 of CTLA-4 , associated with TID [IDDM] in Egypt, has been detected by this novel electrochemical DNA biosensor in short time 10 seconds. Twenty five samples were genotyped independently by the electrochemical method and by SSCP, TGGE and RFLP methods

Results: There is a high degree of compatibility between the electrochemical DNA sensor measurements and other genotyping methods applied on the same samples, corresponding to 96 % success frequency

Conclusion: An electrochemical genotyping methodology was developed with synthetic ODNs, validated with previously genotyped DNA samples and tested with DNA extracted from human subjects. The methodology developed was able to identify CTLA-4[ A/A] and [GIG] homozygotes as well as samples heterozygotes CTLA-4. Furthermore, the method is fast 10s, reproducible, cost effective and reliable to be applied in the genotyping tests

[ quality and quantity assessment of marital satisfaction in addicted people and their husbands or wives who came to the addiction treatment clinic]

Addiction is an ominous social process that affects badly on quality of addicts' lives and their families. The factors that lead to unsatisfaction of addicts's spouses in addition to the factors that define quantity and quality of satisfaction should be known because the knowledge lead to formation of positive senses and motivations for giving up opium derivates. Thus, we decided to define the amount of satisfaction and it's correlation with age, sex, education, kind of opium derivates, duration of addiction, etc, in addicted ones and their spouses. Among addicts referred to renouncement clinics of Mashhad in 2004-2005, 146 subjects consist of addicted ones and their spouses agreed to fill the questionnaire which has been confirmed by a group of specialists. We decided to assess the correlation between marital satisfaction and age, sex, education, kind and duration of addiction in addicts and their spouses. For definition the questionnaire reliability we used alpha- Cronbach. Satisfaction quantities were classified by using Z. score. Among 146 subjects in three groups [90 addicted husbands and nonaddicted wives in group 1, 26 nonaddicted husbands and addicted wives in group 2, 30 addicted husbands and wives in group 3] marital satisfaction level was moderate. There was not significant difference between the marital satisfaction of husbands who were addicted and their wives who were nonaddicted, mostly [p=0.76]. Correlation between marital satisfaction of addicts and their ages [p-0.012], kinds of opium derivates [p= 0.045], and their educations [p=0.029] were meaningful. Marital satisfaction of addicts and their spouses were assessed moderately that is contrary to the destructive effects of addiction on the basis of family. Thus, there must be the personal or manneral causes leading to this finding. Cooperation of addicted people and their partners for treatment of addiction based upon health programs specially, when this manner leads to renouncement and a happy, fortunate and without opium life is probable cause of getting moderate level of marital satisfaction in them

Comparison of mammqgraphy, doppler sonography and fine needle aspiration cytology in evaluating breast masses

Mammography has proven to be the most important single method in the investigation of breast disease. Doppler sonography is a specific, non-invasive method for measuring tumor vascularity. To assess the validity of mammography and Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of breast masses. Radiology Department in Al- Zahrawi Teaching Hospital, Consultancy Clinic of Mosul University and AL- Batool Teaching Hospital, Hospital, Mosul. Sixty-five female patients who were referred for mammographic arid Doppler sonographic examination; the findings were compared with fine needle aspiration cytology. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of both mammography and Doppler sonography. Chi squared test was used to test the difference between patients with benign and malignant masses. Benign masses were more common than malignant, constituting 70.4% of total sample. The accuracy of both mammography and Doppler sonography was 96.3% for malignant masses in comparison with fine needle aspiration cytology, which was 88,9%. The three diagnostic tools [mammography, Doppler sonography, and FNAC] remain the basic methods of investigating patients with breast mass

Combined duplex ultrasound assessment of peak systolic velocity and waveform acceleration in the penile flaccid state in patients with erectile dysfunction

Duplex ultrasonography in conjunction with intracorporeal injection of vasoactive agent such as papaverine and prostaglandine El is a widely spread method in diagnosis of various type of impotence. However, many searshes accused it as invasive and time consuming method of diagnosis. In addition, it is not the accurate method to diagnose the extent of affection of the penile vascularity in arteriogenic impotence. Our study was performed trying to find if the simple assessment of penile vasculature in the flaccid state can be accurate or not and if there is another confirming parameter that serve assessment of the patients without the invasiveness of the intracorporeal injection of vasoactive agents with its complications

Non invasive evaluation of patients with ventricular septal defect after surgical correction

The present work is planned to study the cause of any residual cardiac murmur after surgical closure of ventricular septal defect and to evaluate cardiac function using Doppler echocardiography. Twenty cases of isolated VSD who underwent trans-atrial surgical closure of VSD were studied. They were 14 males and 6 females. Their age ranged between 3 and 20 years with a mean of 8. 5 +/- 4 years. Preoperative data were collected from patients files as cardiac catheterization data. Operative details were recorded during operation. Post operative study was also conducted and included clinical examination for any residual cardiac murmur. ECG, chest X-ray and Doppler echocardiography were performed to assess closure of the defect. Patients were classified into two groups. Group I included 8 patients with RV pressure < 50 mm Hg. Group 2: included 12 patients with RV pressure > 50 mm Hg. Doppler examination revealed 14 cases of 20 [70%] proved to have no residual shunt. 4 cases had mild shunt [20%], 2 cases had moderate shunt [10%] and no case showed large shunt. The shunt occurred along the suture line. Left ventricular function was assessed by the EF% which ranged between 47% and 63%. RV pressure decreased significantly in both groups postoperatively, post operative echo evaluation has also showed that 9 patients had TR 45%, 1 patient had pericardial effusion [5%], 1 showed vegetation on the patch [5%] and I patient had right atrial thrombus [5%]. We conclude that Doppler echocardiography is highly sensitive in the early post operative detection of VSD shunt, as well as other postoperative complications as pericardial effusion, vegetation on the patch and myocardial dysfunction. Results showed also that RV pressure decreased significantly after closure of the defect in both groups, however, in patients with VSD and at least moderate pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary artery pressure was not returning to normal therefore, it is advisable to operate on individuals with VSD and moderate pulmonary hypertension before there is the any increase of pulmonary vascular resistance

Ameloblastic odontoma

A case of odontoameloblastoma affecting the left maxilla that was treated by radical excision [removal of 2-3 mm of the unaffected bone] is reported. A permanent dental obturator was clasped onto the remaining teeth providing complete replacement of the excised hard palate and lost dentition. This permanent obturator will allow the patient to speak normally and eat all kinds of food three months after surgery

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in school children in a rural area, Egypt

Forty hundred and fifty urine samples collected from school children in a rural area were screened for the presence of significant bacteriuria. The incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was found to be 7% with Predominance in females [11%] than in males [3.6%]. From the total bacterial isolates E. coli were isolated in 18% of cases, Co-agulase positive stahylococci in 30%, co-agulase negative staphylococci in 15%, streptococcus pyogenes in 6%, Kiebsiella species in 9% and enterococci in 21% of cases. There was no difference between the incidence of asymptomatic becteriuria [ABU] in younger children than in older ones. We recommended a routine screening for ABU among school children for the early diagnosis and management of such cases